specimen with
original undamaged gum, without trace of stamp hinge
in excellent state of preservation (EF)

 

specimen with
original undamaged gum, without trace of stamp hinge
in good or fairly good state of preservation (F or VF)

 

specimen with
original gum, hinged, without gum or cancelled
in excellent state of preservation (EF)

 

specimen with
original gum, hinged, without gum or cancelled
in good or fairly good state of preservation (F or VF)

 

specimen
new or cancelled
authentic but defective (D)

 

Counterfeit, repaired, manipulated specimens are never signed,
or authentic ones but with evident defects as well

Authentic specimens that are not certified because
of their low value are not signed

 

IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT SIGNATURES

For a precise professional choice, we’ve always signed only those stamps for which a photographic certificate was issued. In order to eliminate the burden of false signatures, each stamp or postal history item with our signature shall always be accompanied by its photographic certificate and registered in our computer files. Therefore, beware if you are offered stamps or postal history items with our alleged initials or signatures but without certification.