specimen with
original undamaged gum, without trace of stamp hinge
in excellent
state of preservation (EF)


specimen with
original undamaged gum, without trace of stamp hinge
in good or fairly
good state of preservation (F or
VF)


specimen with
original gum, hinged, without gum or cancelled
in excellent
state of preservation (EF)


specimen with
original gum, hinged, without gum or cancelled
in good or fairly
good state of preservation (F or
VF)


specimen
new or cancelled
authentic but defective
(D)


Counterfeit, repaired, manipulated specimens are
never signed,
or authentic ones but with evident defects as well
Authentic specimens that are not certified because
of their low value are not
signed

IMPORTANT
NOTICE ABOUT SIGNATURES
For a precise professional
choice, we’ve always signed only those stamps
for which a photographic certificate was issued.
In order to eliminate the burden of false signatures,
each stamp or postal history item with our signature
shall always be accompanied by its photographic
certificate and registered in our computer files.
Therefore, beware if you are offered stamps or postal
history items with our alleged initials or signatures
but without certification.